Open Science policy: Results of the consultation on "Science 2.0: Science in transition” and possible follow up Espoo, 11-12 May 2015 YEAR Annual Conference Keynote J.C. Burgelman S. Luber, R Von Schomberg, D. Spichtinger, JF Dechamp, W. Lusoli European Commission DG Research & Innovation (check for quote) Open Science / Science 2.0  A systemic change in the modus operandi of science and research  Affecting the whole research cycle and its stakeholders Analysis Publication Review Conceptualisation Data gathering Open access Scientific blogs Collaborative bibliographies Alternative Reputation systems Citizens science Open code Open workflows Open annotation Open data Pre- print Data- intensive 3 Sci- starter.com Runmycode .org ArXiv Roar.eprints. org Impact Story Altmetric.com Mendeley.com Academia.edu Researchgate.com Openannotation.org Datadryad.org Myexperiment.org Figshare.com An emerging ecosystem of services and standards It's real! It's Irreversible  Digital technologies enable changes similar as Web2.0 to the internet  Exponential growth of data – data driven science  Globalisation and growth of the science community  Pressure on the science system to address faster the Grand Challenges  Rising expectations of citizens for science to deliver and be transparent  Demand for accountable, responsive and transparent science  Digital "natives" entering the research population It's not happening in isolation • Open source software • Collaborative knowledge production • Creative commons • Open innovation • The sharing/collaborative economy ("collaboratism") • MOOC • Web 2…  what started +/- 15 years ago is deeply affecting (“paradigm shift”) commerce, manufacturing, health, government, social relations, media, culture,….  and now science and research  Better value for money by strengthening the productivity of the European science and research system  More transparency, openness and networked collaboration  More efficiency, reliability and responsiveness It offers great opportunities Background  Assess the degree of awareness amongst the stakeholders of the changing modus operandi  Assess the perception of the opportunities and challenges  Identify possible policy implications and actions to strengthen the competitiveness of the European science and research system Numbers:  From 03.07.2014 to 30.09.2014  498 submitted responses of which 164 Organisations and 38 Public Authorities  28 position papers voluntary submitted in addition to questionnaire Public consultation: Science 2.0: Science in Transition 2% 5% 10% 19% 22% 43% Digital science Enhanced science Networked science Open Digital science Science 2.0 Open science What is the most appropriate term to describe ‘Science 2.0’? 70 % 17 % 11 % 2 % Do you recognise the trends described in the consultation paper as 'Science 2.0'? Yes Yes, but with a different emphasis on particular elements Yes, but some essential elements Are missing No, not at all 11% 22% 26% 28% 32% 36% 34% 30% 43% 47% 76% 33% 40% 45% 44% 41% 39% 42% 46% 43% 43% 22% 6% 6% 3% 3% 6% 2% 6% 4% 3% 34% 22% 20% 19% 15% 16% 14% 17% 9% 7% 2% 16% 9% 6% 6% 6% 7% 4% 3% 3% 2% 0 % 10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %70 %80 %90 %100 % Citizens acting as scientists Scientific publishers engaging in 'Science 2.0' Public demand for faster solutions to Societal Challenges Growing public scrutiny of science and research Public funding supporting 'Science 2.0' Public demand for better and more effective science Growing criticism of current peer-review system Increase of the global scientific population Researchers looking for new ways of collaboration Researchers looking for new ways of disseminating their output Availability of digital technologies and their increased capacities What are the key drivers of 'Science 2.0'? I totally agree I partially agree I don´t know I partially disagree I totally disagree 26% 44% 43% 43% 35% 47% 43% 46% 50% 53% 44% 32% 37% 38% 46% 35% 41% 39% 38% 35% 6% 6% 4% 6% 5% 6% 4% 5% 4% 3% 17% 13% 13% 9% 10% 10% 9% 9% 7% 8% 7% 5% 3% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 1% 2% 0 % 10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %70 %80 %90 %100 % Concerns about ethical and privacy issues Lack of incentives for junior scientists to engage with 'Science 2.0' Lack of research skills fit for 'Science 2.0' Legal constraints (e.g. copyright law) Uncertain benefits for researchers Lack of financial support Limited awareness of benefits of 'Science 2.0 for researchers Lack of integration in the existing infrastructures Lack of credit-giving to 'Science 2.0' Concerns about quality assurance What are the barriers for 'Science 2.0' at the level of individual scientist? I totally agree I partially agree I don´t know I partially disagree I totally disagree 18% 21% 29% 33% 37% 41% 42% 42% 46% 40% 39% 47% 43% 41% 38% 40% 41% 37% 8% 9% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 3% 4% 26% 22% 14% 15% 13% 13% 10% 11% 10% 8% 9% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 % Crowd-funding an important research funding source Research more responsive to society through crowd-funding Science more responsive to societal challenges Reconnect science and society Greater scientific integrity Data-intensive science as a key economic driver Faster and wider innovation Science more efficient Science more reliable (e.g. re-use of data) What are the implications of 'Science 2.0‘ for society, the economy and the research system? I totally agree I partially agree I don´t know I partially disagree I totally disagree Background 7.4 7.4 6.9 6.2 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 4.7 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 M ea n r an ki ng po si ti on On what issues within 'Science 2.0' do you see a need for policy intervention? Mean Mean - std Mean + std Rank : the lowest need (1) to the highest need (11) Policy recommendations regarding skills • Provide or support training on 'innovative digital skills’ • Encourage skills and training for Open Science at all levels, possible adapting university curricula to new needs • Integrate Open Science in research training is an effective channel for awareness-raising E.g. in position papers of League of European Research Universities (LERU), European Universities Association (EUA), EuroTech Universities, Universities of Denmark, The Royal Society, Science Europe etc. Objectives of possible future policy initiative (results from validation workshops) • Support big data infrastructure needs (also governance) • Improving Framework Conditions (Removing barriers, creating incentives) for fostering Open Science • Making science more efficient (better use of and sharing of resources), reliable (replicability/re-use of data) and more responsive to societal challenges Stakeholders share these expectations of 'Open Science' with large majority, on "condition": • bottom-up • stakeholder-driven Short-term Roadmap for Policy on Open Science  Open Science as an action under the Digital Single Market initiative of the European Commission (adopted 6 May 2015), e.g. establishment of a 'European Open Science Cloud'  Policy Debate on Open Science at May Competitiveness Council  Launch of a European Open Science Agenda: 22/23 June 2015 Conference: "A new start for Europe: Opening up to an ERA of Innovation" European Open Science Agenda – potential actions (under consideration) Fostering Open Science: Creating incentives and removing barriers, e.g. • Establish a stakeholders forum at European Level and a self-regulation/ clearinghouse mechanism for addressing Open Science issues • Propose a European "code of conduct" setting out the general principles and requirements of how Open Science should affect the roles, responsibilities and entitlements of researchers and of their employers European Open Science Agenda – potential actions (under consideration) Mainstream Open Access to publications and data, e.g. • Consider extending the Horizon 2020 pilot on Open Access to data • Develop EU guidelines for addressing IPR issues and the funding of data-management European Open Science Agenda – potential actions (under consideration) Develop research infrastructures for Open Science, e.g. • Mandate the development of common interfaces and data standards • Coordinate at European Level the funding/ maintenance and interoperability of research infrastructures • Support the development of a European Open Science Cloud for data, protocols and methodologies European Open Science Agenda – potential actions (under consideration) • Introducing Open Science actions to address common societal challenges under the European Research Area and under Horizon 2020 e.g. by 'knowledge coalitions' of key-actors • This is a common endeavor: • We want to hear your views! How has the dynamics between competition and collaboration in the world of science evolved? Who is in your view in the driving seat of Open Science? Has being on twitter, having a blog, looking for crowdfunding, thinking about societal impact of your research really became the norm? What skills would you like to improve? Data management, data curation, data sharing, finding unusual collaboration etc.? Should Open science be an integral part of Doctoral Programmes? How do you as scientists see the current peer review system and how would you change it if you had the chance? • Thank you! • http://ec.europa.eu/research/conferences/ 2015/era-of-innovation