Facilitate Open Science Training for European Research Iryna Kuchma EIFL Open Access Programme Manager Presentation at Autumn training school “Development and Promotion of Open Access to Scientific Information and Research”, September 19, 2014, Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria Attribution 4.0 International Key aspects and approaches of open access, open data and open science Open access Open access (OA) is free, immediate, online access to the results of research, coupled with the right to use those results in new and innovative ways OA for researchers increased visibility usage and impact for their work new contacts and research partnerships OA for research institutions publicises institution's research strengths complete record of the research output in easily accessible form new tools to manage institution's impact OA for publishers increased readership and citations increased visibility and impact the best possible dissemination service for research OA repositories FOSS to set up, free technical support. Low installation and maintenance costs, quick to set up and gain benefits. Institutions can mandate OA, speeding development. OA benefits for researchers Distribution and usage ● Immediate access to your research output for everyone upon official publication ●More visibility and usage ● Immediate impact of your work ● Intensification of research through fast dissemination and use of research; ● Possibly a citation advantage as well OA benefits for researchers (2) Plus: ●Monitoring of your research output ●Preservation of your research output by your library ●Keeping your rights instead of signing them away OA and economic growth Over 80% of the private sector is classified as SMEs in Europe and they play a key role in innovation. Quantifiable evidence to how much lack of OA costs SMEs: Houghton, J., Swan, A., and Brown, S. (2011) Access to research and technical information in Denmark http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/22603 “Both access and access difficulties involve costs: If around 60 minutes were characteristic for researchers (the average time spent trying to access the last research article they had difficulty accessing), then in the current environment the time spent dealing with research article access difficulties might be costing around DKK 540 million (EUR 72 million) per year among specialist researchers in Denmark alone.” “Access barriers and delays involve costs: It would have taken an average of 2.2 years longer to develop or introduce the new products or processes in the absence of contributing academic research. For new products, a 2.2 years delay would cost around DKK 36 million (EUR 4.8 million) per firm in lost sales, and for new processes it would cost around DKK 211 000 per firm.” “Use of Open Access materials is widespread: More than 50% used free institutional or subject repositories and Open Access journals monthly or more regularly, and among researchers 72% reported using open institutional or subject repositories and 56% open access journals monthly or more regularly.” Open research data “The distinction between open access publication and open research data should disappear, they are research findings” - Ross Wilkinson, Research data enhancement through ANDS and RDA Hubble telescope has an open archive for data, led to significant increase in publications “1. Science is all about reproducibility – if someone else can’t reproduce your results, then your conclusions are invalid, and therefore the science doesn’t work. For a lot of scientific domains, reproducing results means using the original data collected, which means having access to it in the first place, which means sharing.” “2. Data sharing cuts down on academic fraud. It’s hard work fabricating datasets (I know this from personal experience, having spent most of my PhD trying to simulate synthetic rain fields that looked anything like the real ones…), and having other people using your data means that they’re more likely to notice if something seems a bit wrong (which is also useful for error corrections).” “3. Data sharing saves time and money. If a dataset already exists to test your hypothesis, why spend the effort and the money to collect an entirely new one?” “4. Data sharing improves the transparency of the research process. If the data’s available to anyone who wants it, then you can’t be accused of hiding evidence about a controversial topic (like climate change).” Benefits of sharing data (1) www.nytimes.com/2010/08/13/health/research/ 13alzheimer.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 “It was unbelievable. Its not science the way most of us have practiced in our careers. But we all realised that we would never get biomarkers unless all of us parked our egos and intellectual property noses outside the door and agreed that all of our data would be public immediately.” Dr John Trojanowski, University of Pennsylvania ... scientific breakthroughs Benefits of sharing data (2) “There is evidence that studies that make their data available do indeed receive more citations than similar studies that do not.” Piwowar H. and Vision T.J 2013 "Data reuse and the open data citation advantage“ https://peerj.com/preprints/1.pdf 10% - 30% increase ... more citations Why manage data: rewards More citations: 69% ↑ (Piwowar, 2007 in PLoS) Prevent data loss New research opportunities and collaborations Easier to do your research… Validation of results: ‘data behind the graph’ Recognition "Data as comodities Data owners: free traders on weekends - protectionists on weekdays" "A lot of helicopter parenting is going on with data. Let your data grow wings and fly away" - Marco Fahmi, Queensland University of Technology “Michael Faraday’s advice to his junior colleague to: “Work. Finish. Publish.” needs to be revised. It shouldn’t be enough to publish a paper anymore. If we want open science to flourish, we should raise our expectations to: “Work. Finish. Publish. Release.” That is, your research shouldn’t be considered complete until the data and meta-data is put up on the web for other people to use, until the code is documented and released, and until the comments start coming in to your blog post announcing the paper. If our general expectations of what it means to complete a project are raised to this level, the scientific community will start doing these activities as a matter of course.” (What, exactly, is Open Science? by Dan Gezelter: http://www.openscience.org/blog/?p=269) Thank you! Questions? iryna.kuchma@eifl.net http://www.fosteropenscience.eu/