Facilitate Open Science Training for European Research Predstavitev odprtega dostopa do publikacij in raziskovalnih podatkov Za raziskovalce Univerze v Ljubljani Univerza v Ljubljani, Kongresni trg 12, Ljubljana, 24. september 2014 HOW TO COMPLY WITH EC OPEN ACCESS POLICY TO PUBLICATIONS AND OPEN RESEARCH DATA Remedios Melero. Spanish National Research Council Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 International By "open access" to this literature (scholarly publications), we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited. Budapest Open Access Initiative (14 February 2012) Gratis Libre + OA Green route… OA repositories Gold route …OA journals Visibility Rapid publication Impact Return of investment in science Progress in science Sharing and re-use Free access Meaning/ effects of open access Open access means: • More than make publicly available publications or research data • Sharing • Re-use of scholarly outputs • To be able to create services on top of OA resources • To contribute to a wider concept of open science ….In summary Europe vs open access The Commission has carefully analysed the effects of open access policies on the scientific publishing market, both by means of a study and of a public consultation in 2006. These are available at: http://ec.europa.eu/research/science- society/page_en.cfm?id=3185 In August 2008 The EC announce Which parts of FP7 will be covered by the open access pilot? The pilot covers approximately 20% of the FP7 budget and will apply to specific areas of research under the 7th Research Framework Programme (FP7): Health Energy Environment Information and Communication Technologies (Cognitive Systems, Interaction, Robotics), Research Infrastructures (e-Infrastructures); Socio- economic Sciences and Humanities; Science in Society How was Open Access implemented in FP7? • General framework: EC and ERC Guidelines • Special Clause 39 in Grant Agreements • Best effort to achieve open access to publications • Choice between the two routes: GREEN and GOLD OA • Deposit in repository is mandatory (through author or publisher) • Maximum embargo of 6 months (science, technology, medicine) and 12 months (humanities and social sciences) • Support provided by OpenAIRE, IPR Helpdesk, others • Support activities developed during the running of FP7 http://www.openaire.eu/ http://zenodo.org/ http://ec.europa.eu/research/science- society/index.cfm?fuseaction=public.topic&id=1301 In Horizon 2020, both the ‘Green’ and ‘Gold’ models are considered valid approaches to achieve open access. All projects will be requested to immediately deposit an electronic version of their publications (final version or peer-reviewed manuscript) into an archive in a machine-readable format. The Commission will allow an embargo period of a maximum of six months, except for the social sciences and humanities where the maximum will be twelve months (due to publications’ longer ‘half-life’) The Commission encourages authors to retain their copyright and to grant licences to publishers, according to the rules applying in Member States. In addition, the Commission will to set up a pilot scheme on open access to and re-use of research data generated by projects in selected areas of Horizon 2020 In designing and implementing the pilot the Commission will take into account possible constraints on making research data openly accessible which may pertain to privacy, national security or data, and know-how and knowledge brought into projects as inputs. http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/document_library/pdf_06/ recommendation-access-and-preservation-scientific-information_en.pdf HEREBY RECOMMENDS THAT MEMBER STATES: Open access to scientific publications 1. Define clear policies for the dissemination of and open access to scientific publications resulting from publicly funded research. These policies should provide for: – concrete objectives and indicators to measure progress; – implementation plans, including the allocation of responsibilities; – associated financial planning. Ensure that, as a result of these policies: – there should be open access to publications resulting from publicly funded research as soon as possible, preferably immediately and in any case no later than six months after the date of publication, and twelve months for social sciences and humanities; – licensing systems contribute to open access to scientific publications resulting from publicly-funded research in a balanced way, in accordance with and without prejudice to the applicable copyright legislation, and encourage researchers to retain their copyright while granting licences to publishers; What changes in Horizon2020? • Update of Guidelines • New clauses in Grant Agreements • OA to publications is mandatory for all projects • OA to data piloted for 7 selected areas • Member States are requested to develop and align national OA policies and infrastructures Grant Agreement: 29.2 Open access to scientific publications Each beneficiary must ensure open access (free of charge, online access for any user) to all peer-reviewed scientific publications relating to its results. In particular, it must: (a) as soon as possible and at the latest on publication, deposit a machine- readable electronic copy of the published version or final peer-reviewed manuscript accepted for publication in a repository for scientific publications; Moreover, the beneficiary must aim to deposit at the same time the research data needed to validate the results presented in the deposited scientific publications. (b) ensure open access to the deposited publication — via the repository — at the latest: (i) on publication, if an electronic version is available for free via the publisher, or (ii) within six months of publication (twelve months for publications in the social sciences and humanities) in any other case. (c) ensure open access — via the repository — to the bibliographic metadata that identify the deposited publication. The bibliographic metadata must be in a standard format and must include all of the following: - the terms ["European Union (EU)" and "Horizon 2020"]["Euratom" and Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018"]; - the name of the action, acronym and grant number; - the publication date, and length of embargo period if applicable, and - a persistent identifier. What to deposit • The final peer-reviewed manuscript, accepted for publication, including all modifications from the peer review process OR • A machine-readable copy of the published version (usually a PDF document) In principle this applies to all kinds of publications, but emphasis is on peer-reviewed journal articles Where to deposit • Institutional repository OR • Disciplinary repository (arXiv, Europe PubMed Central, etc.) OR • Zenodo (www.zenodo.org) if none of the above is available – a EC cofunded, multidisciplinary repository, for publications & data When to deposit • Each beneficiary must deposit as soon as possible and at the latest on publication. • Open access must be ensured immediately or after an embargo period: • GREEN – 6-12 months depending on the research area and the choice of journal • GOLD – immediately “…Open access to scientific results and data is a great way to boost science, boost the economy, and enable new techniques and collaborations between disciplines. Really it's quite simple: it's about ensuring you can see the results you've already paid for through your taxes….” H2020 areas participating in the pilot • Future and Emerging Technologies • Research infrastructures – part e-Infrastructures • Leadership in enabling and industrial technologies – Information and Communication Technologies • Societal Challenge: 'Secure, Clean and Efficient Energy' – part Smart cities and communities • Societal Challenge: 'Climate Action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw materials' – except raw materials • Societal Challenge: 'Europe in a changing world – inclusive, innovative and reflective Societies' • Science with and for Society Projects in other areas can participate on a voluntary basis Requirements of the open data pilot 1. Develop (and update) a Data Management Plan ( deliverable within first 6 months) 2. Deposit in a research data repository 3. Make it possible for third parties to access, mine, exploit, reproduce and disseminate data – free of charge for any user 4. Provide information on the tools and instruments needed to validate the results (or provide the tools) Exemptions – reasons for opting out • If results are expected to be commercially or industrially exploited • If participation is incompatible with the need for confidentiality in connection with security issues • Incompatible with existing rules on the protection of personal data • Would jeopardise the achievement of the main aim of the action • If the project will not generate / collect any research data • If there are other legitimate reason to not take part in the Pilot Can opt out at proposal stage OR during lifetime of project. Should describe issues in the project Data Management Plan Digital Curation Center. DMP online. A web-based tool to help researchers write DMPs Includes a template for Horizon 2020 https://dmponline.dcc.ac.uk Directory of data repositories http://www.re3data.org/ Databib. Catalogue, directory and registry of data repositories. http://databib.org/ Some results from a questionnaire sent by the Commission to all project coordinators (identified 811 projects) in order to collect feedback on their experiences of both the implementation of the pilot and the reimbursement of open access publishing costs. Date: May 2011. Response: 194 answers were received by the end of August 2011 Answers provided important input for the future of the open access policy and practices in Horizon 2020 (the future EU framework programme for research and innovation), and for the preparation of a communication from the Commission and a recommendation to Member States on scientific publications in the digital age. http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/document_library/pdf_06/survey- on-scientific-information-digital-age_en.pdf Research data, should be publicly available, as a matter of principle for reuse and free of charge on the internet? EU-level intervention could best contribute to improving the circulation of knowledge http://ec.europa.eu/research/science- society/document_library/pdf_06/survey-on-open-access-in-fp7_en.pdf How would you rate the importance of the following potential barriers to access to scientific publications? How would you rate the importance of the following potential barriers to enhancing access to research data? Preferred way in which public policy can increase OA to scientific publications 37 Researchers’ green open access practice: a cross-disciplinary analysis. Spezi et al., 2013 (https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/handle/2134/12324). Some results from the EC-funded Publishing and the Ecology of European Research (PEER) project (http://www.peerproject.eu/) Motivations for repository deposit, by type of repository chosen 38 Method of deposit in institutional repositories, by broad discipline group Method of deposit in subject-based repositories, by broad discipline group 39 Version of article deposited, by subject Ease of repository deposit procedures Reasons to deposit How important are the following factors not to upload your article? Some point issues/concerns (summary) • Costs • Incentives • Lack of technical understanding • Copyright issues • Self-archiving policies • “Impact”/ trust on OA publications http://www.istl.org/10-winter/article2.html The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date (Alma Swan, 2010) http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/18516/ El efecto de las redes sociales sobre el impacto de las publicaciones OA http://www.rsp.ac.uk/documents/get-uploaded-file/?file=SocialMedia_MTerras.pptx Trabajo depositado en el repositorio de la UCL. Antes del primer tweed.. 2 descargas Some points about data…… The value of Research data. Metrics for datasets from a cultural and technical point of view. http://www.knowledge-exchange.info/datametrics Recommendations targeted at the most important stakeholders involved in the promotion and generation of data sharing Research Institutions • Promote policies of data sharing • Promote arguments and incentives in favour of data sharing • Provide options and alternatives to the different types of data sharing activities • Professionalize staff and standardize data sharing activities (collection, curation, dissemination) Scientists • Include data sharing as good scientific and scholarly practice • Promote data citation as the formal way of acknowledging data sharing • Perform more research on benefits and possibilities of data sharing • Define codes of conducts for disciplines considering appropriate regulations, i.e. embargo periods, anonymisation etc. Science as an Open Enterprise. The Royal Society Science Policy Centre report 02/12. Avaliable at http://royalsociety.org/policy/projects/science-public-enterprise/report/ The Denton Declaration: An Open Access Data Manifesto. A product of the 3rd Annual University of North Texas Symposium on Open Access, 2012. Principles http://openaccess.unt.edu/denton-declaration Data Citation Cycle Ver Piwowar et al. (2013) Data reuse and the open data citation advantage. PeerJ PrePrints 1:e1v1 http://dx.doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1v1 Papers studies that created gene expression microarray data and made them available GEO data (Gene Expression Omnibus) received more citations than those for which data were not available Bertil Dorch, (2012) On the Citation Advantage of linking to data. http://hprints.org/hprints-00714715 Papers published in The Astrophysical Journal from 2000 to 2010 with links to data archived in ADS (Astrophysical Data System) Papers with links to data receiving on the average 50% more citations per paper per year, than the papers without links to data Papers published between 1993 y 2010 in journal Paleoceanography with links to data archived in PANGAEA® http://www.komfor.net/blog/unbenanntemitteilung Publicly available data were thus significantly associated with about 35% more citations per article than the average of all articles sampled over the 18-year study period, and the increase is fairly consistent over time (14 of 18 years). Wicherts JM, Bakker M, Molenaar D (2011) Willingness to Share Research Data Is Related to the Strength of the Evidence and the Quality of Reporting of Statistical Results. PLoS ONE 6(11): e26828. The unwillingness to share data was particularly clear when reporting errors had a bearing on statistical significance (papers published in psicology journals) Thank you!! Hvala!! Reme rmelero@iata.csic.es